Quick Reach
Introduction to PHP operators
To perform ‘operations’ on variable or values, the programming languages provide operators. For example 10 + 5 = 15. Where 10 and 5 are called operands while ‘+’ and ‘=’ are operators.
PHP provides all type of operators that are required to perform operations and can be categorized into following:
- Arithmetic Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Logical Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Ternary Operators also knows as conditional operators
PHP Assignment Operator
The “=” sign is an assignment operator in PHP. This is used to assign the value to variables.
Examples:
$Int_var = 10;
$Str_var = “String Variable Assignment”
$a = $b; //Assigning one variable value to other
PHP Arithmetic operators
To perform mathematical operations, PHP provides following arithmetic operators.
| Operator | Name | Example |
| + | Addition | $a = 10 + 10; |
| – | Subtract | $a = 20 – 10; |
| * | Multiply | $a = 5 * 5; |
| / | Divide | $a = 50/5; |
| % | Modulus | $a % $b |
Using Assignment Operator with Arithmetic operators
| Assignment | Will be taken as | Name |
| a += b | a = a + b | Addition |
| a -= b | a = a – b | Subtraction |
| a *= b | a = a * b | Multiplication |
| a /= b | a = a / b | Division |
| a %= b | a = a % b | Modulus |
Increment/Decrement Operators in PHP
| Operator | Name | Description |
| ++$a | Pre-increment | Increments $a by one, then returns $a |
| $a++ | Post-increment | Returns $a, then increments $a by one |
| –$a | Pre-decrement | Decrements $a by one, then returns $a |
| $a– | Post-decrement | Returns $a, then decrements $a by one |
The Comparison Operators
The comparison operators are used to compare two values, numbers or strings. It results in true or false. For example, if $y=10 and $z=20 then following will result as follows
| Operator | Description | Example and result |
| == | Checks if two operands are equal or not. | (y == z) is not true. |
| != | Checks if “not equal to” | (y != z) is true. |
| > | Greater than | (y > z) is not true. |
| < | Checks if less than | (y < z) is true. |
| >= | Greater than or equal to | (y >= z) is not true. |
| <= | Less than or equal to | (y <= z) is true. |
Logical Operators
| Operator | Name | Example | Result |
| and | And | $x and $y | True if both $x and $y are true |
| or | Or | $x or $y | True if either $x or $y is true |
| xor | Xor | $x xor $y | True if either $x or $y is true, but not both |
| && | And | $x && $y | True if both $x and $y are true |
| || | Or | $x || $y | True if either $x or $y is true |
| ! | Not | !$x | True if $x is not true |
PHP String Operators
As we have used in our chapters, the “.” (period) and “.=” operators are used as string operators.
The .(period) is used for Concatenation purpose. See example below
Experience this example online
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<?php
$Str_op = “This is”;
$com_string = $Str_op . ” Concatenation example!”;
echo $com_string;
?>
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Output
This is Concatenation example!
Usage of Concatenation assignment (.=) example
Experience this example online
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<?php
$Str_op = “This is”;
$Str_op .= ” Concatenation example!”;
echo $Str_op;
?>
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Output
This is Concatenation example!
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